Energy Matter Interaction Tunnel (EMIT)
Specialized Resources, Myriad Applications
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed an open test section hypersonic test facility for high-throughput, high-fidelity data which can be used to better inform physics-based modelling and simulation.
EMIT Facility Goals
- Characterize material response under nominal and off-nominal supersonic and hypersonic flow conditions
- Develop and field advanced, time-dependent diagnostics for use at EMIT and national-scale wind tunnel facilities
- Provide transient flow and material state high resolution data sets for code development, anchoring, and model validation
Facility and Capabilities

Within the wind tunnel, the 2" axisymmetric nozzle is capable of flows up to Mach 5 and free jets into an 18" larger vacuum vessel for atmospheric control, mimicking atmospheric pressures from 10-30km.
Test articles are 1-2" flat plate samples or similarly sized small 3D objects. These can be exposed to a variety of heating and thermomechanical loading conditions using supplemental laser heating with up to 10kW of total power.
Wind tunnel run times extend to 60 seconds, allowing for adequate time for heat soak and equilibriated material response. Turnaround times between runs are 30 minutes or less, allowing for high throughput and testing at a wide variety of conditions.
The test section has 4-way optical diagnostic access within 7" standoff distance of the test article for time-dependent diagnostics of both flow and material behavior during the high-speed flow engagement.

Control Variables
- Material selection, energy input, static & dynamic pressure, shear induced flow, surface features, material loading state
Measurement
- Energy coupling, materials response, failure thresholds and mechanisms
EMIT Energetic Sources
- Non-kinetic energy, 10 kW Laser heating source, blasts & shock interactions, stress platform, debris/dust/flyer

Our Diagnostic Capabilities
- Fast Imaging (flow, surfaces,…), in situ materials (strain, porosity,…), pyrometry, calorimetry (temperature), spectroscopy (chemistry), pre and post material analysis
Physical Probe Flow Diagnostics
- High Speed Pitot, hotwire anemometer, various pressure and temperature taps
Non-invasive Material Diagnostics
- Laser-based material ultrasonics, computer-aided speckle interferometry
Optical Flow Diagnostics
- High speed schlieren, femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging, krypton tagging velocimetry
Gas Phase Chemical Species Diagnostics
- Coherent anti-stokes raman scattering, planar laser induced fluorescence, two photon laser induced fluorescence, molecular emission spectroscopy

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